Collider objects encapsulate the above mentioned inputs, provide dynamics operations such as applying forces, optionally record collisions and contact points, and provide user callbacks as collisions ...

Mass spectrometry is a cornerstone analytical technique that identifies and quantifies molecular species by generating gas-phase ions and measuring their mass-to-charge ratios. Beyond simple mass ...

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) provides a main route to generate attosecond (10-18 s) pulses, which have been considered “the world’s fastest film camera” for imaging the movement of electrons.

Quantum dynamics in open systems examines how quantum states evolve when interacting with their environment. Unlike isolated systems, real devices and natural processes invariably exchange energy and ...