Thoma, 37 in 1882, was the first to suggest that most cases of eventration were congenital in origin. In 1916 Bayne-Jones 11 offered considerable evidence in support of this thesis. The principal ...

The diaphragm is the primary muscle used in respiration, which is the process of breathing. This dome-shaped muscle is located just below the lungs and heart. It contracts continually as you breathe ...

Pain in the diaphragm — the muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen — can happen for many reasons, such as an injury, pregnancy, and pneumonia. The diaphragm moves downward so the lungs can ...