Aims The epidemiology of the five stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in systolic heart failure (HF) patients has predominantly been described in hospitalized White patients, with little known ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an umbrella term used to describe a longstanding disease or condition that causes the progressive loss of kidney (renal) function. Symptoms vary, depending on the ...

According to a 2019 review, up to 84% of people with end stage chronic kidney disease develop pruritus. The authors state that recent advancements in dialysis treatments have helped bring the ...