Carbonation is one of the main reasons for the durability deterioration of concrete. Almost all concrete materials will subject to carbonation during their service life due to the presence of CO 2 ...

Researchers found that replacing up to 5% of Portland cement with eggshell powder may improve mortar strength while ...

XRD works by directing X-rays onto a crystalline material and analyzing the angles and intensities of the diffracted beams. The atomic planes within the crystal act as a three-dimensional grating, ...

2D-XRD, or two-dimensional X-ray diffraction, is a powerful analytical technique used to study the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials at the nanoscale. It provides detailed ...