The Brix scale, derived from the refractive index of a solution at 20 degrees Celsius (68 Fahrenheit), is widely known. Originally, it was established by determining the weight percentage of sucrose ...

A property of a material that changes the speed of light, computed as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through the material. When light travels at an angle between two ...

Utilizing Index of Refraction Monitors in Biopharmaceutical Downstream Processing and Purification When the FDA published the 2003 document, “Pharmaceutical Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs ...

The applications of spectroscopic ellipsometry for the precise characterization of liquid-liquid and liquid-air interfaces include surface science, biomedical applications, thin film coatings, and ...

(Nanowerk Spotlight) Manipulating light is crucial for modern technologies, from the optical fibers transmitting internet data to the lasers in our smartphones. Despite significant advancements, our ...