There are different types of soil, each with its own set of characteristics. Dig down deep into any soil, and you’ll see that it is made of layers, or horizons (O, A, E, B, C, R).

Soil scientists prepare the maps in the field using pits, core samples, or trenches to examine the soils. They outline the extent of different soils using aerial photography base maps that help …

Climate has an important role in soil formation. Observing soils and soil profiles can give clues to past climates and weather cycles. Some climates have soils that are not as deep or fertile and …

The SSSA certification programs, Certified Professional Soil Scientist (CPSS) and Associate Professional Soil Scientist (APSS), set standards for knowledge, skills, and conduct that define …

Healthy soil results in a more stable food supply, which results in a strong community. Farmers use many practices and technologies, including precise applications of fertilizer and irrigation, …

Each soil type has unique characteris-tics that provide important clues about its history, formation and location of origin, such as color, texture and structure. For example, the color of a soil …

diagnostic horizons of the U.S. Soil Taxonomy. Designa - tions of genetic horizons express a qualitative judgment (an interpretation derived from morphology and other soil properties) of …

their design. Soil maps are created by soil scientists and present information such as: • the slope of the land surface; • soil biological, chemical, and physical properties; and, • potential for …

• understanding variability of soil properties―pH, electrical conductivity, nutrient levels, and salinity―and how they affect crop growth • site evaluation for specific end uses

In soils these include the elements Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn.