The Lown Institute’s 2025 report found that over 200,000 back surgeries in older adults were classified as unnecessary, costing nearly two billion dollars in Medicare funds. Many involved spinal fusions or vertebroplasties done for simple back pain, where evidence shows no added benefit over conservative care. These procedures carry significant risks, including infection, nerve injury, and failed back surgery syndrome. The better path often starts with pain management, therapy, and movement, not